When international soft law framework and host states fail to ensure effective protection of human rights from business-related harm, the involvement of a home state can be considered as the best solution. The research aims to explore the role of a developed home state in protecting human rights from violations by extractive industries abroad. The major focus of the study is the example of the UK – ...

<p><b> Objective </b> Proficiency in basic emergency procedures is important for junior doctors, but the amount of practical exposure may vary. We studied the association between students’ extracurricular healthcare-related (ECHR) work experience and self-reported practical training and confidence in selected emergency medicine procedures. <p><b> Study design</b> Cross-sectional ...

Nanophotonic waveguides are at the core of a great variety of optical sensors. These structures confine light along defined paths on photonic chips and provide light–matter interaction via an evanescent field. However, waveguides still lag behind free-space optics for sensitivity-critical applications such as trace gas detection. Short optical pathlengths, low interaction strengths, and spurious ...

Introduction: Acute lung injury is associated with accumulation of extravascular lung water (EVLW). The aim of the present study was to compare two methods for quantification of EVLW: transpulmonary single thermodilution (EVLWST) and postmortem gravimetric (EVLWG). Methods: Eighteen instrumented and awake sheep were randomly assigned to one of three groups. All groups received Ringer's ...

Nuclear genome sequencing from extremophilic eukaryotes has revealed clues about the mechanisms of adaptation to extreme environments, but the functional consequences of extremophily on organellar genomes are unknown. To address this issue, we assembled the mitochondrial and plastid genomes from a polyextremophilic red alga, Galdieria sulphuraria strain 074 W, and performed a comparative genomic ...

Large offshore and small inshore populations of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L. display differences in migratory patterns and settling regimes, but little is known about possible differences in spawning behaviour. Cod presumably of the Norwegian coastal cod type were therefore sampled during 7 spawning seasons (2002-2013) in Malangen, northern Norway. A spawning site in neighbouring Balsfjord was sampled ...

Ice can sculpt extraordinary landscapes, yet the efficacy of, and controls governing, glacial erosion on geological timescales remain poorly understood and contended, particularly across Polar continental shields. Here, we assimilate geophysical data with modelling of the Eurasian Ice Sheet — the third largest Quaternary ice mass that spanned 49°N to 82°N — to decipher its erosional footprint during ...

Bringing together a number of cutting-edge technologies that range from storing extremely large volumes of data all the way to developing scalable machine learning and deep learning algorithms in a distributed manner and having them operate over the same infrastructure poses unprecedented challenges. One of these challenges is the integration of European Space Agency (ESA)’s Thematic Exploitation ...

Avhandlingen vurderer omfanget av minstelønnsbegrepet i utsendingsdirektivet. Formålet har vært å belyse hvilke lønnselementer som inngår i minstelønnsbegrepet. Gjennom avhandlingen blir det vurdert hvordan norske allmenngjorte tariffavtaler er gjennomført, i lys av de kravene EØS-avtalen stiller. På den måten viser avhandlingen hvilke elementer som kan allmenngjøres, om de er riktig gjennomført og ...

Fremstillingen redegjør for EØS-avtalens statsstøtteregler, særlig med sikte på å belyse hvilket handlingsrom norske myndigheter har til å gi statsstøtte til Hurtigruten ASA. Statsstøtte er forbudt, jf. EØS art. 61 (1), men EØS-avtalen åpner for at statsstøtte likevel kan tillates dersom det er nødvendig for å nå legitime mål. Deler av handlingsrommet til å yte statsstøtte til Hurtigruten er blitt ...