CPS - Senter for fredsstudier - Centre for Peace Studies
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Forsther, Michael Pah (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 19-Oct-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Conflicts undermine state security, cause massive loss of lives, destroy livelihoods and undermine the general well-being of civilian populations. DDR has thus become the foremost policy tool for securing state security and establishing the framework for reconstructing conflict-affected societies. Using Liberia as a case, the present study has explored the livelihoods of ex-combatants within the framework of the UN-led DDR Program. Re-integrating ex-combatants into civil, productive and institutional life is the expected end result of the DDR Program. This led to the use of three main concepts; human security, human development and reconciliation. These three concepts provided the basis for assessing the success of the DDR Program in Liberia, with empirical focus on the ex-combatants' livelihoods in Monrovia. The study then found that most of the ex-combatants were unemployed; they had no stable sources of income and place to live. They were using illegal means such as armed robbery and criminal gang banditry to support themselves. The DDR failed to help prepare and reintegrate the ex-combatants into civilian life. The program also failed in making the ex-fighters responsible members of their communities despite the time and resources used for the program. Improving the human security of those directly involved in the conflict was an important way to bring development to the local communities, and to also reconcile perpetrators with their victims. The DDR Program in Liberia appeared to have had its own administrative problems, including funding. These problems strongly may have affected its operations, especially in providing alternative and legitimate sources of income for the ex-combatants. This is because a mass of unemployed and disgruntled ex-fighters can seriously undermine post-conflict security, reconstruction and reconciliation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3687 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (952.2Kb) -
Dupeleva, Irina (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 21-Jun-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: The present thesis is an exploratory research where I identify areas where challenges may arise in Russian-Norwegian business cooperation when Norwegians carrying out business in Russia. Based on interviews, three main issues emerged: boss-subordinate relations, networking and time orientation. The focus of the thesis is how to deal with these differences and how to deal with the challenges that can be caused by them. Therefore, in this thesis I will discuss these three major issues in Russian and Norwegian business cultures and discover how the differences in boss-subordinate relations, networking (personal connections) and time orientation can be overcome. This thesis includes a practical investigation and theoretical description of the three main issues and ways of overcoming these through the adaptation process. This study can be useful for anyone interested in managerial practices in Norwegian companies established in Russia because my research provides insight into the differences between Russian and Norwegian managerial practices and how to deal with the connected challenges that arise between the two. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3630 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (461.1Kb) -
Khoronzhevych, Mariya (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Apr-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: ABSTRACT The purpose of this research was to investigate the process of restorative justice implementation in Ukraine. The research provides an analysis of the current situation and evaluates the necessity of support of restorative justice practice by the State (i.e. by legislation, law enforcement and conventional justice systems). To achieve objectives of the study methods of qualitative research were applied and consisted of analysis of specialized literature and a number of semi-structured and unstructured interviews. The interviewees included employees of the Ukrainian Centre for Common Ground (the UCCG) and practicing mediators from Simferopol branch of the UCCG. In addition there were conversations with random people aiming to learn their points of view on restorative justice and its possibilities. The findings revealed that though much work had been done after restorative justice was introduced in Ukraine in 2003, it had not advanced much. Moreover, due to the problems experienced, there can be observed a tendency towards a decrease of the restorative justice practice. The failure of the post-Soviet law enforcement and the systems of justice to earn the people’s trust caused a strong disbelief in innovations in this sector. The major challenges include absence of sufficient financing of the mediation centers and lack of cooperation of the law enforcing structures and the system of justice with mediators. The conclusion is that the State’s active cooperation in implementation of restorative justice, including legislative and financial support, is crucial in achieving positive results in this sphere. Key-words: Ukraine, restorative justice, mediation, implementation, criminal justice, law enforcement. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3628 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (670.2Kb) -
Hassan, Md. Zahid (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, May-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: The Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord 1997 signed between the Government of Bangladesh and the Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti (PCJSS), recognises the reestablishment of the rights of the indigenous people with the formation of locals & regional councils as controlling and supervisory bodies over land & land management, law & order, civil administration, police (local), development, primary & secondary education, forest & environment, and many more. After more than a decade of signing, the Accord has not been implemented fully and the violations of human rights continue. This study examines the challenges which Bangladesh as a post-war state face, in establishing democratic institutions and particularly indigenous institutions in order to bring justice and peace in the disputed CHT region. This study describes how the Land Dispute Resolution Commission which has been formed in 1999 to settle the land disputes between the indigenous people and Bengali settlers, can make its activities responsive to both a diverse constituency of indigenous people without ignoring the Bengali migrants and all the same gains trust and ownership among the Hillpeople. The study describes ‘the state of nature and politics’, ‘civil military relations’, ‘nation and identity building’ and ‘the geopolitical’ issues and how these issues played a key role in the policy formation process for CHT. In other words, I am keen to examine whether or not these issues influenced and made an impact on trust and ownership gaining process. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3554 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (2.873Mb) -
Ainebyona, Gerald (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 28-Jun-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: ABSTRACT This thesis focuses on the reintegration of the female ex-abductees of the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA). The aim of Reintegration is to transform and empower these women and girls so that they can help themselves and have a successful future. For more than two decades, the war between the LRA and the government of Uganda, included violations of human rights, abductions of children into child soldiering, sexual abuse and forced marriage of young girls and claimed thousands of lives in northern Uganda. The thesis explores female ex-abductees’ post-conflict challenges in Gulu, an Acholi area, and how these complicate their reintegration into social life. Through empirical data presentation, I provide a lens through which to understand the gendered challenges to the reintegration of female ex-abductees of LRA. It is widely known that women and girls across the world experience discrimination of some kind at the expense of men and boys. But the situation of female ex-abductees of LRA in Northern Uganda is worse. I argue that these females face specific challenges to the extent that one can use the apartheid of gender to understand their situation. The social stigma, rejection and maltreatment they face results in their re-traumatisation in the post-conflict setting. Using a gender analysis, the thesis outlines public policy action or suggestions that could be useful in designing and implementing an appropriate intervention programme for reintegrating female ex-abductees of LRA. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3497 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (1.069Mb)
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