http://hdl.handle.net/10037/152 2012-02-12T06:21:55Z http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3659 Diallo, Brahima Amara<br /> In Adjelhoc, women, in most cases, prefer to stay at home throughout their entire pregnancy and to get help in childbirth only from traditional midwives, even if they live near a community health centre which could provide them with modern care. To lessen the gap between the community and the local health workers, DDRK is currently supporting six traditional midwives in Adjelhoc in acquiring modern skills and equipment. Collaborating with DDRK these traditional midwives have been given a new task as middle-persons between the community and professional health workers of bringing women to the health centre both for antenatal visits and for childbirth. The integration of traditional midwives into the local health system is seen as beneficial for health workers. However, traditional midwives, who have always been highly respected because of their knowledge and the vital assistance they offer the community are now having their status threatened due to the reluctance of local women to visit the health centre (especially in earlier stages of their pregnancy). Traditional midwives find themselves in an ambiguous position between the professional health sector (health centre and DDRK) and the community.<br /> 2011-05-28T22:00:00Z Diallo, Brahima Amara http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3460 Vasilchikova, Oxana<br /> The Great Patriotic War was one of the cruelest wars of the twentieth century. Especially great suffering in the USSR it brought to children. They grew up very quickly. This generation did not have childhood; their childhood was embedded in the war. Keeping their war memories alive Galina and Slava Lebedevy as one of the representatives of this generation decided to establish an organization named "Children burnt by war" in Arkhangelsk putting as their main aim the transmission of their knowledge to young generations as a means of creating continuity in society. My initial hypothesis when starting my research was that the war was a major social event that had a decisive influence on the formation of the identities of the elderly people who experienced the war in their early childhood, and that this could be seen as the motivation behind the establishment of this organization. As I started to analyze their narratives and follow their lifelines I discovered that there were other important factors involved. The creation of the organization of the Lebedevys was also a way of adaptation to new conditions of life: lacking support from the state after the breakdown of the USSR they started their struggle for social justice to enhance the life of the people of their generation. They wanted to restore their position in the new society, to regain dignity and counteract the rapidly decreasing respect from the younger generations. Through the establishment of the organization, they have become actively involved themselves into the political life of the city and the country in order to be heard, understood and recognized. Today their organization has a very important meaning and brings positive motivation to the lives of the elderly in Arkhangelsk.<br /> 2011-06-20T22:00:00Z Vasilchikova, Oxana http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3456 Moussa, Younouss<br /> I studied migrant fishermen and their social life in Londji Plage in South of Cameroon. It was to analyze how migrant fishermen integrated the life, how the commercialization of fish is organized, the migrant’s careers, the role of canoe owner’s wives and fishermen’s wives in the economy and the relation between migrant and state bureaucracy. The fishing activity is completely modernized by Nigerian fishermen; they brought new canoes, nets and out board motors. Canoe owners and fishermen are always in conflict, canoe owners accuse fishermen to steal the catch as we see in the film and fishermen also are complaining about the relation between canoe owners and buyers. It is a personal conflict between them. There are differentiation between Nigerians and fishermen from the North in their careers. Nigerians fishermen have an advantage to be canoe owners by inheritance and replacement in the fishing activity. Fishing is a way of livelihood for Nigerian migrant fishermen and has being their occupation for generations. It is difficult for fishermen from the North to be canoe owners because most of them become fishermen in Londji Plage but Hassan is one of the migrants from the North who has a canoe. Northerners can be canoe owners by saving money and collecting the fishing equipment. To integrate the local community migrant fishermen also use interethnic marriage. The wives of canoe owners and fishermen are also involved in the commercialization of fish particularly smoked fish, roasted fish and fried fish. They contribute to the economy of the family and household. In spite of their integration in the life, migrant fishermen from Nigeria are threatened by the police and they have to pay the resident permit each year. But to get access to the fish resource they negotiate with the representative of Minepia and the transaction is beneficial to each other. Keywords: Migrant, fishermen, social field, actors, fishing activity.<br /> 2011-05-28T22:00:00Z Moussa, Younouss http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3452 Slaaen, Christian<br /> The thesis is about immigrant pupils in Sogn School in Oslo, where my aim was to discover different form of belonging. The school’s role when it comes to integration, varied for the different actors, both in terms of establishing social relations, and in terms of acquiring knowledge. My general finding is that young immigrants establish social relations to other young immigrants. For most of the pupils I got to know well, I was their only native Norwegian friend. Still, the different immigrant pupils generated groups and social relations based on different criteria as language, age, school ambition, gender, interests and nationality. I ended up following two groups of troublemakers in class. The first group, The Serbs, was made up of two boys: Javor (20) from Serbia and Dimitiar (20) from Serbia. The second group was made up of Sifaw (18) from Morocco, Andre (18) from Portugal, Bernard (16) from Poland and Diana (17) from Lithuania. I looked what into what troublemaking meant for group belonging and identity negotiation. The Serbs had established group belonging based on their Serbian identity and language, but also a shared feeling of being marginalized. They felt too old and too qualified to be in the class. The troublemaking behavior was generated in the school context, and has to be understood in terms of their marginalized position. Even though The Serbs seemed to be a strong group that had developed a close relationship, their relationship was not relevant outside school. The Ping-Pongers were the only group in class that was part of a social field that included social arenas outside school. They negotiated shared identities by making sure they would all participate in the same activities. They were part of a social field where they had the opportunities and the places to be together on a daily basis, where meanings were attached to their relationship in an ongoing process. The actors in the group participated in troublemaking with different meanings and motivations. They were perceived of as lacking “social competence”. But Sifaw did not lack social competence; he lacked the required skills to take part in the learning activities. Sifaw participated in the only activity in class were he could make use of his skills and get recognition from his friends. Andre and Diana were not lacking the required skills to take part in the learning activities, but they did not feel they were in a normal school, and did not take it serious. Bernard felt excluded from the Norwegian society and did not want to be in a school were he had to learn Norwegian language and culture.<br /> 2011-06-06T22:00:00Z Slaaen, Christian http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3446 Larsen, Rodmire N. Taylor-Smith<br /> This thesis deals with observing how returnee ex-combatants re-integrate and live again in their societies and communities after being accepted by their community members. The reintegration of ex-combatants has been a major subject in the current development of post war Sierra Leone. It is in fact, one of the major challenges confronting the country. This thesis will, for the most part, be focussing on what happens to an ex-combatant after undergoing a traditional reconciliation ceremony and has returned to live with his family and community members. Using one ex-combatant as my main informant, I sought to find out what happens to an ex-combatant after he/she has been allowed to go back and start living among his people again.<br /> 2011-06-21T22:00:00Z Larsen, Rodmire N. Taylor-Smith http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3371 Wake, Shotaro<br /> The aim of this master thesis was to explore and better understand how stigma and empathy are experienced by cancer patients in a local cancer support group in Japan, and what consequences stigma and empathy have on their everyday lives. Empathy is still an undeveloped concept in the field of Anthropology, and what I draw on in this thesis is based on Unni Wikan’s concept of ‘resonance’. The fieldwork was conducted with a local cancer support group called Ippo Ippo in Japan. The main finding showed that the cancer members were involuntarily complicit in nourishing stigma processes towards themselves both inside and outside of the group. In this context, even resonance itself is used as a means for them to differentiate between insiders and outsiders. As a result, they are caught up in a negative spiral where they nourish their own stigma which affects their points of view. What seemed to help alter their perspectives was not the group itself but the fact that the group provided an opportunity for mixed contact with non-cancer members who dared to treat them as peer members and not cancer patients. In order to analyze the finer detail of the resonance aspect of an interaction, I modified resonance, differentiating it into what I call sympathetic resonance and empathic resonance. While sympathetic resonance takes place at the emotional level, empathic resonance is more related to the story (content) level. Thinking of resonance in degrees with two levels allows the researcher to see a clearer picture of what is going on in the moment. The thesis argues for the usefulness of resonance to the anthropologists, both as an analytical tool and as an approach to the subjective world of the informants.<br /> 2010-09-22T22:00:00Z Wake, Shotaro http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2541 Skoglund, Anne Restad<br /> The Estonian immigrants are within some settings such as taxation, hundred percent employed, little knowledge of Norwegian language, village, which limits them in some ways to reach their goal. They are conceived as having a residence in Norway so that they have the same amount money that a normal Norwegian but at the same time they have a home in another country. They cannot use much money and the plans have to wait until they are back in Estonia. They can only go to Estonia at vacations so that the time to work at their house and plans is limited. At the time back in Estonia they want to have vacation such as others in Norway and in Estonia, which means that they are most of the time with family, friends and relaxing. When trying to work as with Agu he is expected to be with friends cheer things and time with them. The surroundings are constraining them in many ways, which does that it takes much longer than planned to maximize their goal and values such as going back to Estonia.<br /> 2010-05-31T22:00:00Z Skoglund, Anne Restad http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2540 Nyborg, Kristine<br /> This thesis is about the meeting of two indigenous cultures, the Sami and the Inupiat, on the Alaskan tundra more than a hundred years ago. The Sami were brought over by the U.S. government to train the Inupiat in reindeer herding. It is about their adjustment to each other and to the rapidly modernizing world they found themselves a part of, until the term indigenous became a part of everyday speech forty years ago. During this process they gained new identities while holding on to their indigenous ones, keeping a close tie to nature along the way. The thesis is based on a four-month fieldwork in Alaska during the summer of 2009, and is the second part of a Masters project. The first part is a film, Sami footprints in Alaska, which explores how the reindeer has affected the Native Alaskan more than a hundred years after the Reindeer Project of the 1890s.<br /> 2010-05-27T22:00:00Z Nyborg, Kristine http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2532 Koike, Atsushi<br /> Hirogawara is a village with a long lasting tradition of forestry located in a mountain area of Kyoto prefecture, and is one of the typical under populated villages in the Japanese rural region. Although there are various elements which distinguish the village and urban area, one of the main elements which contribute to differentiate the behavior of each would be the environment surrounding the respective dwellers. The perception of a villager as being a part of a traditional community are formed through constant negotiation between the individual and the tidy environment. His environment in the village can be understood as a kind of aggregation of neighbors and ancestors because boundaries surrounding the villager amongst neighbors and ancestors are constantly blurred by respective inhabitants including by him. Thus, the environment starts to have multiple meanings by being shared by various actors including outsiders. The current environment of the village is persistently reproduced through the villagers’ process of negotiation in the complex situation under globalization.<br /> 2010-05-27T22:00:00Z Koike, Atsushi http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2013 Mortensen, Gry Elisabeth<br /> This thesis is about notions of authenticity in the Norwegian-American society Petersburg, Alaska. With the intention of gaining an understanding on why the Norwegian heritage keeps such a strong position in this society, I went into the field, and was surprised by the extensive role of food and the use of the term authentic in connection with it. I found that the idea of authenticity is closely connected to the nature one side, and ideas about the old on the other, constituting a dual possession of the really real. The old and the natural fits perfectly with the perception of Norway, which I argue is the key to its strong position in Petersburg. This conspiracy is imperative in the making of the place Petersburg, and influences, as well as is influenced of, economical spheres, gender and social hierarchies. The thesis is based on a three month fieldwork conducted in Petersburg during the spring of 2008, where qualitative methods led me to the findings I explore. The thesis should be read in connection with my film Doing the Norway, dealing with the issue of living in a society where notions of the past play an extended role, shown through the making of the Little Norway Festival.<br /> Access to the thesis has been removed at the author's request. Tilgang til oppgaven er fjernet etter ønske fra forfatteren<br /> 2009-05-28T22:00:00Z Mortensen, Gry Elisabeth