English
norskBlar i forfatter "Cooper, Elisabeth J."
Viser treff 21-33 av 33
-
Multi-Sensor Analysis of Snow Seasonality and a Preliminary Assessment of SAR Backscatter Sensitivity to Arctic Vegetation: Limits and Capabilities
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-04-13)Snow melt timing and the last day of snow cover have a significant impact on vegetation phenology in the Svalbard archipelago. The aim of this study is to assess the seasonal variations of the snow using a multi-sensor approach and to analyze the sensitivity of the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) backscatter to vegetation growth and soil moisture in an arctic environment. A combined approach using ... -
Natural variation in snow depth and snow melt timing in the High Arctic have implications for soil and plant nutrient status and vegetation composition
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-02-16)Snow cover is a key component in Arctic ecosystems and will likely be affected by changes in winter precipitation. Increased snow depth and consequent later snowmelt leads to greater microbial mineralization in winter, improving soil and vegetation nutrient status. We studied areas with naturally differing snow depths and date of snowmelt in Adventdalen, Svalbard. Soil properties, plant leaf ... -
Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-09-26)The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and climate. A better understanding of how environmental factors shape plant structure and function is crucial for predicting the consequences of environmental change for ecosystem functioning. Here we explore the biome-wide relationships ... -
Short-term herbivory has long-term consequences in warmed and ambient high Arctic tundra
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-01-25)Climate change is occurring across the world, with effects varying by ecosystem and region but already occurring quickly in high-latitude and high-altitude regions. Biotic interactions are important in determining ecosystem response to such changes, but few studies have been long- term in nature, especially in the High Arctic. Mesic tundra plots on Svalbard, Norway, were subjected to grazing at ... -
Site-specific responses of fungal and bacterial abundances to experimental warming in litter and soil across arctic and alpine tundra
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-04-01)Vegetation change of the Arctic tundra due to global warming is a well-known process, but the implication for the belowground microbial communities, key in nutrient cycling and decomposition, is poorly understood. We characterized the fungal and bacterial abundances in litter and soil layers across 16 warming experimental sites at 12 circumpolar locations. We investigated the relationship between ... -
Snow cover and extreme winter warming events control flower abundance of some, but not all species in high arctic Svalbard
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013)The High Arctic winter is expected to be altered through ongoing and future climate change. Winter precipitation and snow depth are projected to increase and melt out dates change accordingly. Also, snow cover and depth will play an important role in protecting plant canopy from increasingly more frequent extreme winter warming events. Flower production of many Arctic plants is dependent on melt ... -
Soil organic carbon depletion and degradation in surface soil after long-term non-growing season warming in High Arctic Svalbard
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-07-26)Arctic tundra active-layer soils are at risk of soil organic carbon (SOC) depletion and degradation upon global climate warming because they are in a stage of relatively early decomposition. Non-growing season (NGS) warming is particularly pronounced, and observed increases of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions during experimentally warmed NGSs give concern for great SOC losses to the atmosphere. Here, we ... -
Time-series of cloud-free sentinel-2 ndvi data used in mapping the onset of growth of central Spitsbergen, Svalbard
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-08-02)The Arctic is a region that is expected to experience a high increase in temperature. Changes in the timing of phenological phases, such as the onset of growth (as observed by remote sensing), is a sensitive bio-indicator of climate change. In this paper, the study area was the central part of Spitsbergen, Svalbard, located between 77.28°N and 78.44°N. The goals of this study were: (1) to prepare, ... -
Traditional plant functional groups explain variation in economic but not size‐related traits across the tundra biome
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-11-16)<p><i>Aim - </i>Plant functional groups are widely used in community ecology and earth system modelling to describe trait variation within and across plant communities. However, this approach rests on the assumption that functional groups explain a large proportion of trait variation among species. We test whether four commonly used plant functional groups represent variation in six ecologically ... -
Tundra Trait Team: A database of plant traits spanning the tundra biome
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-10-22)<p><i>Motivation</i>: The Tundra Trait Team (TTT) database includes field‐based measurements of key traits related to plant form and function at multiple sites across the tundra biome. This dataset can be used to address theoretical questions about plant strategy and trade‐offs, trait–environment relationships and environmental filtering, and trait variation across spatial scales, to validate satellite ... -
Using Ordinary Digital Cameras in Place of Near-Infrared Sensors to Derive Vegetation Indices for Phenology Studies of High Arctic Vegetation
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016)To remotely monitor vegetation at temporal and spatial resolutions unobtainable with satellite-based systems, near remote sensing systems must be employed. To this extent we used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI sensors and normal digital cameras to monitor the greenness of six different but common and widespread High Arctic plant species/groups (graminoid/Salix polaris; Cassiope tetragona; ... -
When spring ephemerals fail to meet pollinators: Mechanism of phenological mismatch and its impact on plant reproduction
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-06-12)The flowering phenology of early-blooming plants is largely determined by snowmelt timing in high-latitude and high-altitude ecosystems. When the synchrony of flowering and pollinator emergence is disturbed by climate change, seed production may be restricted due to insufficient pollination success. We revealed the mechanism of phenological mismatch between a spring ephemeral (<i>Corydalis ambigua</i>) ... -
Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-02-18)Snow is an important driver of ecosystem processes in cold biomes. Snow accumulation determines ground temperature, light conditions and moisture availability during winter. It also affects the growing season’s start and end, and plant access to moisture and nutrients. Here, we review the current knowledge of the snow cover’s role for vegetation, plant-animal interactions, permafrost conditions, ...
